abstract：:Different strategies of multivariate analysis of metals concentrations (Mn, Fe, Ni, V, Co, Cu, Cd, Hg, Pb, Na, K) in mussel samples from different spanish markets are used to interpret a data base and identify differences between species and origin of the samples. Principal Component Analysis and Potential curves are ...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Machado Mesa L,Peña Méndez E,Sánchez Sánchez M,García Montelongo F

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Quantitative structure property relationships (QSPR) for the pKa of phenols, carboxylic acids and alcohols were developed from descriptors derived from semi-empirical molecular orbital theory quantum chemical calculations. A training set of compounds were used to refine the models and a validation set of appropriate c...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Citra MJ

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The relative fluorescence, normalised on dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and a humification index, based on the location of the fluorescence emission spectra, were used to investigate the possible sources of the increase in dissolved organic matter (DOM) when a soil is dried. From these 2 parameters it could be seen t...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Zsolnay A,Baigar E,Jimenez M,Steinweg B,Saccomandi F

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The photoreactions of selected azaarenes with nitrate and nitrite ions were investigated under irradiation at lambda = 313 nm. The excitation of both anions leads to several photochemical reactions forming mainly hydroxyl radicals and nitrogen oxides. The purification capability of natural waters i.e. the oxidation of...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Beitz T,Bechmann W,Mitzner R

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dose-dependent terathogenic effects of an organophosphate insecticide were found during early sea urchin development. This biological assay is low cost, easy to measure, and allows to detect the effects of the exposure of organisms to the active principle at concentrations lower than the acceptable daily intake (ADI) ...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Morale A,Coniglio L,Angelini C,Cimoli G,Bolla A,Alleteo D,Russo P,Falugi C

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In vitro systems make for rapid identification of xenobiotic effects and can be used to study cellular and subcellular toxicity mechanisms. In this report the metabolic competence of two human-derived cell lines, a hepatic (Hep G2) and a pulmonary one (A549) was tested. In the two cell systems the capability to activa...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Urani C,Doldi M,Crippa S,Camatini M

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The chiral stationary phase beta-TBDM (35% heptakis(6-O-tert.-butyldimethylsilyl-2,3-di-O-methyl)-beta-cyc lod extrin in OV-1701) was applied to study the enantioenrichment of alpha-HCH, oxychlordane, and PCB 149 in blubber of two seal species from Iceland by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. The exa...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Klobes U,Vetter W,Luckas B,Skírnisson K,Plötz J

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Environmental profile transformation and fate of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) were studied using the fugacity-based multimedia environmental fate model. Mass fluxes between compartments were estimated by the steady-state modeling. From the model estimates, major mas...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Suzuki N,Yasuda M,Sakurai T,Nakanishi J

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:5 textile finishing processes were investigated for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/F), polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PBDD/F) and mixed polychlorinated-brominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PBCDD/F). For the purpose of these investigations the complete balance--dioxins input from the raw texti...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Sedlak D,Dumler-Gradl R,Thoma H,Vierle O

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Domestic chickens (Gallus gallus) were used as a surrogate species for wild turkey to assess risk from environmental 2,3,7,8-TCDD exposure. Lymphocyte proliferation and CYP450 induction were assessed in adults exposed via i.m. injection, in F1 14-day old hatchlings, in F1 adults (30-weeks old), and in 14-day old hatch...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Peden-Adams M,Alonso K,Godard C,Skipper S,Mashburn W,Hoover J,Charbonneau C,Henshel D,Dickerson R

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Partitioning of dioxins, dibenzofurans and the dioxin-like coplanar PCBs was determined by congener-specific high resolution gc-ms analysis of compounds in 6 tissue samples each from 5 women. Samples were whole blood obtained prior to delivery; maternal adipose tissue, cord blood and placenta obtained during cesarean ...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Schecter A,Kassis I,Päpke O

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The primary source of dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and coplanar PCBs for the general population is food, especially meat, fish, and dairy products. However, most data on the levels of these chemicals is from food in the raw or uncooked state. We report here the effect of one type of cooking (broiling) on the...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Schecter A,Dellarco M,Päpke O,Olson J

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A shake-flask method was used to determine the water solubilities (Sw) and the octanol/water partition coefficients(Kow) of 14 derivates of benzanilides. The results showed that the octanol/water partition coefficients were correlated (r=-0.93) with Sw. The linear solvation energy relationship(LSER) and molecular conn...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Dai J,Jin L,Wang L,Zhang Z

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transformation processes of nitroaromatic compounds (NAC) are described that lead to polar and highly hydrophilic metabolites in ammunition waste water. For the identification of proposed metabolites, several analytical methods for the separation and determination of these compounds were developed and applied to the i...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Schmidt TC,Steinbach K,von Löw E,Stork G

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although current methodology for human health risk assessment assumes additive interactions among the contaminants of a complex mixture, chemical interactions may occur which produce synergistic or antagonistic effects. In this study, the mutagenic response of three f2p4l compounds, benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), pentachloro...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Donnelly KC,Claxton LD,Huebner HJ,Capizzi JL

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Here we report a validated technique for quantifying up to 20 specific PCB congeners in 1-2 g samples of whole blood with a detection limit below 1 ng/g (ppb) wet weight. Specimens were analyzed from 14 harbor seals sampled in south San Francisco Bay, California during 1991-1992. Ratios of specific congeners to PCB-15...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Young D,Becerra M,Kopec D,Echols S

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to understand the residue levels of organochlorine compounds (OCs) and their accumulation patterns in wildlife inhabiting Chubu region, Japan, the concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), DDT compounds (DDTs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were measured in 8 speci...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Hoshi H,Minamoto N,Iwata H,Shiraki K,Tatsukawa R,Tanabe S,Fujita S,Hirai K,Kinjo T

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In comparison to the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) informations on their thio analogues the polychlorinated thianthrens (PCTA) are very limited. In this study we investigated the kinetics and toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorothianthren (TCTA), the analogue of the most toxic PCDD congener 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodi...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Weber R,Hagenmaier H,Schrenk D

更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:PAH emission from the powered engines fueled by a 95 leadfree gasoline (95-LFG), a 92 leadfree gasoline (92-LFG) and a Premium leaded gasoline (PLG) with two gasoline additives (SA and SB) were collected using a PAH sampling system with a particulate interception device. Twenty one PAHs were analyzed primarily by an G...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Mi HH,Lee WJ,Chen SJ,Lin TC,Wu TL,Hu JC

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Various mathematical relationships have been used to assess exposure concentrations of organic chemicals when emissions occur via wastewater treatment. These relationships range from a simple removal factor calculation to more sophisticated approaches using kinetic based mathematical models. While these existing appro...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： McAvoy DC,Grady CP Jr,Blok J,Feijtel TC,Federle TW,Larson RJ

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The concentration of 9 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB 28, 52, 101, 151, 153, 170, 180, 183 and 194) and of 6 micropollutants commonly classified as organochlorine pesticides, or OCPs (alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, gamma-HCH, p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDD), was determined in 22 sediment samples of lake Simbirizzi, an artifici...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Kalajzic T,Bianchi M,Muntau H,Kettrup A

更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Organotin compounds including methyl- and butyltin species were determined in selected aquatic specimens (fish muscles, fish liver, mussels, algae) as well as in sediment and water from the mud flats of the German North Sea and the River Elbe. The concentration of tributyltin (TBT) ranged between 27-202 ng/g (fresh ma...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Shawky S,Emons H

更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft has sponsored the development of a conceptual and flexible, computer aided tool to perform the impact assessment within LCA (life cycle assessment) for technical products and processes. The developed general framework "Ela 1.0" (environmental loads analysis) consists of four elements: the s...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Herrchen M,Keller D,Lepper P,Mangelsdorf I,Wahnschaffe U

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Elevated mercury concentrations have been reported in fish in recent years. Japanese people eat a great deal of raw fishes and shellfishes as "Sashimi" and "Sushi". The action level of large predatory fish such as tuna with total mercury levels exceeding the Japanese maximum permitted limit of 0.4 ppm is exempted from...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Nakagawa R,Yumita Y,Hiromoto M

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450, EROD and ECOD activity were investigated as biomarkers of PCB exposure in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina). Due to the difficulty of obtaining undegraded seal liver samples, standard spectrophotometric methodology was adapted to investigate P420 (degraded P450) as a PCB biomarker with...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Troisi GM,Mason CF

更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A precise quantification of toxaphene residues of environmental samples by gas chromatography/ electron capture detection (GC/ECD) requires the separation of the bulk of the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from the compounds of technical toxaphene (CTT) fraction. For this reason, a PCB/CTT group separation on silica ...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Krock B,Vetter W,Luckas B

更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parallel to an international Pilot Ring Test to standardize a mutigeneration test protocol with the protozoon Tetrahymena pyriformis supplementary investigations were made. Effects on growth rate and 46 h population density were measured using an extended set of 12 chemicals, a further Tetrahymena-species (T. thermoph...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Pauli W,Berger S

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDEs), 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were analyzed in seals from the Gulf of Finland and in sediments from the Gulf of Finland and near Gotland. The sediments included one surface core from...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Koistinen J,Stenman O,Haahti H,Suonperä M,Paasivirta J

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:PCDD/PCDF were detected and quantified in emissions from municipal and industrial waste incinerators. Levels of PCDD/PCDF in ambient air were measured in order to evaluate the possible influence. Identification and quantification were carried out by HRGC/HRMS with isotopic dilution as a quantification method using two...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Abad E,Caixach J,Rivera J

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies with octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) and octachlorodibenzofuran (OCDF) in juvenile or adult fish exposed via water revealed no toxicity, despite significant bioaccumulation. With 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD), the fish early-life stage study has been shown to be the most sensiti...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Berends AG,Boelhouwers EJ,Thus JL,de Gerlache J,de Rooij CG

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the last years, the occurrence of pesticides and other chemicals in groundwater has been confirmed. The herbicide atrazine is among the pesticides most frequently detected in groundwater. In groundwater samples from the United States atrazine concentrations reached levels up to 10 micrograms/1. In our lysimeter exp...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Dörfler U,Feicht EA,Scheunert I

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemical synthesis and physical properties of two mercapturic acids suggested as urinary metabolites of m- and p-xylenes are described. These compounds may be used for the identification and quantitative determination by high-performance liquid chromatography of the corresponding mercapturic acids in urine. ...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Tanaka M,Noda T,Moriwaki H,Tsujimoto Y

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lead concentration is increasing rapidly in the environment due to increased use of its sources by human society. Alarming concentrations of the metal have been reported in dust of densely populated urban areas and, water and land of various areas near the industrial waste disposals. Plants absorb lead and accumulatio...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Singh RP,Tripathi RD,Sinha SK,Maheshwari R,Srivastava HS

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since 1985 the common mussel Mytulis edulis has been collected, characterized and stored within the framework of the German Environmental Specimen Bank program. Selected results about the determination of various pollutants such as heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons are present...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Ostapczuk P,Schladot JD,Emons H,Oxynos K,Schramm KW,Grimmer G,Jacob J

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Environmental Specimen Bank has proposed a list of matrices recommended for collection from terrestrial and marine areas as well as from inland waterbodies. There have been taken into consideration the most common and available species, chiefly in western Europe. Poland is making ready for co-operation with ESB to...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Golimowski J,Dmowski K

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Serum levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) among 46 long-term workers at a pulp and paper mill were compared to the levels in 16 community residents who never worked at the mill. Overall, there were no appreciable differences among the three exposure groups (com...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Tepper A,Burt S,Piacitelli L,Patterson DG Jr

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study examined the utility of an immunoblot method for quantitation of cytochrome P450 isozymes in archived liver samples as a bioassay of exposure to halogenated hydrocarbons. Hepatic microsomes were prepared from 44 archived polar bear (Ursus maritimus) liver homogenates that had been stored at approxima...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Bandiera SM,Torok SM,Letcher RJ,Norstrom RJ

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The extraction of lipid from human blood and other biological materials in the determination of dioxin-like and organochlorine compounds has been studies using different amounts of extracting solvent. When large volumes of ethanol-hexane are used to extract small blood samples, the total lipid extracted is incomplete ...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Ryan JJ,Mills P

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate the biochemical mechanism responsible for NO-induced neurotoxicity, the effect of sodium nitroprusside(SNP), a NO-generating agent, on PC12 cells was studied. The cell density was dose-dependently inhibited by SNP. Neuronally differentiated PC12 cells showed a higher resistance to SNP than the undiffere...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Nakamura Y,Yasuda M,Fujimori H,Kiyono M,Pan-Hou H

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the effect of 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether (Irgasan DP300) on microsomal cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes in rat liver. Rats were treated intraperitoneally with Irgasan DP300 daily for 4 days, at doses of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mmol/kg. Among the P450-dependent monooxygenase activities, 7-benzyloxyres...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Hanioka N,Jinno H,Nishimura T,Ando M

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00